Piston.



0. E. BARTHEL.

PISTON.

APPLIcATloN FILED mAv 25. 1914.

Patented Mw ML MM5.

A. eras aan f @non @LIV 1ER E. BARTHEL, @F DETROET, mICHIG-N.

RESTON.

l,il39,396.

Specification of Eetters Patent.

Patented May M, 119i@ application inea may et, 191e. serial no. teaser.

To aL'Z 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that if, OLIVER E. Ban'rnnr., a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Pistons, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. l

rlhis invention relates to pistons, and the primary object -of my invention is the provision of simple and4 effective means, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, for dissiv pating the heat, of a piston to preclude excessive expansion and distortion, carburization on the piston, and undue wear upon the piston due to inequalities between the piston rod and piston head.

Another object of this invention is to provide a piston with a cross head or skirt arranged to receive the side thrustsof a pistion rod, relieve the vpiston of excessive stresses and strains, and allow the piston to move in a uniform manner in a cylinder.

Another object of my invention is to provide a combined piston and cross head that can be advantageously used in connection 'with internal combustion engines, air compressors, pumps, and the cylinders of various structures, the combination tending to increase the general efficiency of an engine. With the above and other objects in view, the invention resides in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter specifically described and then claimed.

Reference will ing, wherein- Figure "1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a piston in connection with a waterjacketed cylinder; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of apiston especially designed for air compressors; Fig. 3 is a similar view of a piston designed for internal combustion engines; Fig. 4 is a similar view of a modified form of piston; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of another now be had to the drawmodied form of piston, andFig. 6 is a plan of the same. v

In describing my invention by aid of the views above referred to, li desire to point out that I intend the same as merely illustrative of an example whereby my invention may be applied in practice, and li do not care to limit my invention to the precise arranggpment'Y and construction Aof parts shown. lThe following description is therefore to be broadly construed as including substitute arrangements and construction ofv 2 and slidable in said cylinder is a piston body 3. The outer endfof the piston body 3 has side walls 4 relatively thicker than the side walls 5 of the inner end of the piston body and at the junction or meeting portions of said walls are diametrically opposed bearings or bosses 6 for the piston pin 7 of a connecting rod or pitman 8. The bearings or bosses 6 have the bores or sockets thereof open at the peripheryy of the piston, as indicated at 9, to permit of the piston pin 7 being placed in position to connect the piston body 3 to the rod 8, also, to allow a certain amount of heat from the walls of the cylinder to escape into the hollow piston.

The thick walls 4 of the piston body 3 are provided with annular grooves or pockets 10, said grooves or pockets being directed inwardly at a tangent to the periphery of the piston or at an angle to the longitudinal axis thereof, thereby providing each groove or pocket with an oiiter wall that tapers and approximates a feather or knife edge, as indicated at 1l, said feather edge wall being susceptibleto expansion and thereby maintaining a non-leakable sliding connection between the piston and the lwalls of the cylinder. lPacking is eliminated and whatever wear there is upon the piston tends to maintain the feather edge of the outer walls of the grooves or pockets, consequently there is av constant and ever-ready packing after the piston has been turned up.

'llhe advantages of the piston are more apparentv in connection with special designs,

vone of which has been illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein 12 denotes the piston body and 13 a cross head or skirt portion thereof. The piston body has an annular recess or pocket that provides the piston with an annular I Ytween bearings or bosses 16 forming part of or pitman and can readily accommodate itself to the walls of a cylinder. The air gap between the piston and-the cross head portion thereof is alsoessential, as heat from the piston head can pass into the cross head to be transferred to and absorbed 'by the cooling agent of a cylinder. This type of piston, however, can be advantageously used in connection with an air compressor, so, also that type shown in Figs. 5 and 6, wherein the cross head or skirt portion of the piston has side walls thereof cut away, as at 18, thus providing a greater air gap and reducing the weight of the cross head or skirt portion.

In Figs. 3 and 4, there are illustrated types of pistons that can be used in connection with various grades of engines, for instance, that shown in Fig. 3 being especially designed for a high grade internal combustion engine. The piston body comprises two clamping members 19 and 20, the former having apertured arms 2l loosely connected to a cross head or skirt portion 22 by a piston pin 23. The clamping member' 19 has a concentric rib 24 coperating with the peripheral edges of said member in providing an annular seat 25 for superposed or parallel packing rings 26. These rings are held in proper relation by an annular ange or collar 27 of the clamping member 20, said flange or collar being set in from the edges of the member 20 to provide a seat and backing for the piston ring. To retain the piston rings in position and also to connect the clamping-member 2O to the clamping member 19, the member 20 has a central tongue' 28 provided with an opening 29 alining with openings 30 in the arms 21. A tapering pin or web shaped key A31 is driven in the openings 30 and 29 to draw the members 19 and 20 toward each other and thereby clamp the piston rings 26 in position. A cotter pin 32 or other fastening means cany be employed for preventing accidental displacement of the in or key 31.

T e piston rings 26 are substantially U- I shaped 1n cross section, said rings having the outer walls 33 thereof of less height than the inner walls and tapering to provide feather or knife edges, said outer walls serving functionally the same ypurpose as the walls 1 1 and 14 previously mentioned. The piston rings 26 rovide grooves or pockets of greater area t an the grooves or pockets The modification shown in Fig. 4 comi bines a piston similar to the outer endof the piston 3 with a cross head or skirt portion. The piston proper is designated 34 and this piston can be made of steel or a more indurate material than the cross head or skirt portion 35, which can be made of cast iron.

Reference will again be had to Figs. 5 and 6 showing a piston body 36 as having a feather edge peripheral wall 37 extending above and below the piston body, the upper part of the wall lserving the same purpose as the wall 14 and the lower part as a scraper that prevents matter from adhering to the wall of a cylinder.

From the foregoing it will be observed that my inventionpossesses the following characteristics and advantages :-First, that of having packing rings susceptible to the necting rod or pitman. Third, a floating piston that has novel packing rings providing grooves or pockets adapted to dissipate the heat'of a piston head. Fourth, a piston body having an annular tapering wall directed toward the compression end of said piston body. Fifth, a two-part piston body that has novel packing rings clamped between the parts of the body and the connecting means between the parts of the body inclosed by a skirt. Sixth, a three part piston comprising a piston proper, a skirt or follower and a connection between the two that also serves as a connection for a connecting rod and' allows the skirt to receive side thrusts of the connecting rod.

What I claim is:

1.'A piston comprising a body having an annular wall formed to a feather edge, and a skirt movable relative to the wall of said piston body, whereby said pistonl body can adjust' itself independent of said skirt.

2. A piston comprising a skirt, and a self adjusting piston body connected thereto.

3. A piston comprising a body having a peripheral feather edge, and a skirt movable relative to said body and providing an air gap between said body 'and' said skirt,

whereby the piston body can adjust itselfl independent of said skirt.

4. A piston comprising a body, a tapering wall carried thereby and providing an annular pocket directed toward the longitudinal axls of said body, and a skirt movably connected to said body.

l5. A piston comprising a body having a compressible wall, a skirt in proximity to said body, a connecting rod extending into mensen Asaid skirt, and means connecting said rod,

piston body and skirt, whereby saidpiston bigldy can adjust itself independent of said s 'rt.

6. A piston comprising a body, packing rings carried thereby, a connecting rod, and a skirt movably supported by said connecting rod in proximity to said iston body.

7. A piston comprising a ody, tapering walls forming part thereof and providing annular pockets at a tangent to the periphery of said bod and a skirt movably connected to said plston body and providing an air gap atan end thereof.

8. A piston comprising a body, a connecting rod operatively connected to said body, and a skirt surrounding the connected end of said rod, whereby said piston body can adjust itself independent of saidl skirt.

9. A piston comprising a body having the periphery thereof terminating in a feather edge, and a skirt moyably connected to said body and having walls in a plane with the feather edge of said body.

10. A piston comprising a body, packing rings clamped thereon and providing annular pockets, a skirt in proximity to said body and providing an air gap between said body and said skirt, and a connecting rod olperatively connected to said body and said s 'rt.

11. A piston comprising a body having -the periphery thereof provided with annular pockets directed inwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the said body, a skirt, arms carried by said body and extending into said skirt, and a connection between said body and said skirt whereby said body can adjust itself independently of said skirt.

12. A piston comprising a two-part body, clamping rings between the parts of said body and providing annular pockets, means for connecting the parts of said body, and a skirt surrounding said means in pro n n to an end of said body.

13. A piston com rising a body having an annular .ansi le wall disposed at a tagent to the periphery of said body, a connecting rodoperatively connected. to said piston body, and means surrounding said connecting rod adjacent said bod whereby said piston body is relieved of the side thrust of said connecting rod.

14. A piston comprising a two-part body, packing rings clamped between the parts of said rbody and providing nlar pockets having expansible walls forming part of the `periphery of said body, a connecting rod connected to said body, and a skirt movable at the connected end of said connecting rod.

15. A piston comprising va body, arms carried thereby, a connecting rod extending between said arms, a skirt, and means carried by said'skirt for operatively connecting said onnecting rod to the arms of said piston 16. A piston com rising a hollow body, a skirt in proximity t ereto, a connecting rod extending into said skirt and operatively connected thereto, and means for loosely holding said piston body relative to said skirt.

17. A piston comprising a two-part body, packing rings held between the parts of said body and providing feather edge expansible walls at the periphery of said body, means .for connecting the parts of said body to- Witnesses:

Lnws E. FLAND, fANNA M. Do. 

